Generalized Nash Equilibrium Seeking Algorithm Design for Distributed Constrained Multi-Cluster Games

The multi-cluster games are addressed in this paper, where all players team up with the players in the cluster that they belong to, and compete against the players in other clusters to minimize the cost function of their own cluster. The decision of every player is constrained by coupling inequality constraints, local inequality constraints and local convex set constraints. Our problem extends well-known noncooperative game problems and resource allocation problems by considering the competition between clusters and the cooperation within clusters at the same time. Besides, without involving the resource allocation within clusters, the noncooperative game between clusters, and the aforementioned constraints, existing game algorithms as well as resource allocation algorithms cannot solve the problem. In order to seek the variational generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) of the multi-cluster games, we design a distributed algorithm via gradient descent and projections. Moreover, we analyze the convergence of the algorithm with the help of variational analysis and Lyapunov stability theory. Under the algorithm, all players asymptotically converge to the variational GNE of the multi-cluster game. Simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm

Preferential gene expression in the limbus of the vervet monkey

PurposeTo elucidate the unique molecular factors and biological processes that are differentially expressed in the limbal stem cell microenvironment by comparing directly to that of its immediate adjacent structures, the cornea and conjunctiva.MethodsTotal RNA was isolated and amplified from the limbus, cornea, and conjunctiva. A gene expression profile of each tissue type was obtained by using microarray technique. The transcripts in which the expression level was at least twofold higher than that in the other two tissue types were identified. The expression levels of selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Protein expression of selected genes were confirmed by an immunohistochemistry study in normal human ocular tissue.ResultsThere were 186 preferentially overexpressed transcripts in the limbus in direct comparison to that in the cornea and conjunctiva. Many signature genes in the cornea and conjunctiva were among the preferentially expressed transcripts obtained by the microarray data. In addition, a significant number of new genes were identified, and the expression level of all nine selected genes was verified by QRT-PCR. Protein expression levels of keratin 13, tenascin c, homeodomain only protein (HOP), and TP53 apoptosis effector (PERP) were confirmed in human ocular tissues. Functional analysis of the preferentially expressed genes in the limbus reviewed that melanin metabolism and cell-cell adhesion were among the noticeable biological processes. Chromosomal distribution of the overexpressed genes in the limbus was disproportional to that of all known human genes.ConclusionsThese findings may shed light on the unique molecular components and regulation of limbal stem cells and their niche

Anderson Localization from Berry-Curvature Interchange in Quantum Anomalous Hall System

We theoretically investigate the localization mechanism of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in the presence of spin-flip disorders. We show that the QAHE keeps quantized at weak disorders, then enters a Berry-curvature mediated metallic phase at moderate disorders, and finally goes into the Anderson insulating phase at strong disorders. From the phase diagram, we find that at the charge neutrality point although the QAHE is most robust against disorders, the corresponding metallic phase is much easier to be localized into the Anderson insulating phase due to the \textit{interchange} of Berry curvatures carried respectively by the conduction and valence bands. At the end, we provide a phenomenological picture related to the topological charges to better understand the underlying physical origin of the QAHE Anderson localization.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Programmation robotique en utilisant la méthode de maillage et la simulation thermique du procédé de la projection thermique

L objectif de cette étude est d améliorer l extension du logiciel de programmation hors-ligne RobotStudio existante et de développer une nouvelle stratégie pour générer la trajectoire du robot par rapport aux paramètres essentiels de projection thermique. Notamment, l historique de la température par rapport à la trajectoire générée est prise en compte dans cette étude.L extension logicielle Thermal Spray Toolkit (TST) intégrée dans le cadre de RobotStudio est spécialement développée pour générer la trajectoire du robot en projection thermique. L amélioration de l extension TST dans la nouvelle version de RobotStudio est mise au point sur deux modules principaux :PathKit : génération de la trajectoire sur des pièces complexes.ProfileKit : modélisation du cordon singulier du dépôt et prédiction de son épaisseur en fonction des paramètres opératoires.Les déficiences existantes de l extension TST impliquent de mettre en œuvre une méthode plus avancée qui permettra de générer la trajectoire du robot en utilisant le maillage pour le calcul d élément finis. Ainsi, l opération de projection thermique pourra être menée. Dans cette étude, la méthodologie de maillage est introduite afin de fournir une stratégie de choix de points de trajectoire et l obtention d orientations de ces points de trajectoire sur la surface à revêtir. Un module dit MeshKit est donc ajouté dans l extension TST afin de lui apporter ces fonctionnalités nécessaires.Un couplage entre la trajectoire du robot et la répartition de chaleur du substrat a été développé, ce qui permet d étudier l évolution de température pendent le processus de projection thermique.The objective of this study is to improve the add-in package of off-line programming software RobotStudio and to develop a new strategy for generating the robot trajectory according to the kinematic parameters of thermal spraying. The computed temperature evolution relative to the generated robot trajectory on the coating surface is also considered in this study.The add-in package Thermal Spray Toolkit (TST) integrated in RobotStudio is developed to generate the robot trajectory for thermal spraying. The improved TST for new version of RobotStudio is composed of two principle modules:PathKit: generation of robot trajectory on the free-form coating surface.ProfileKit: modeling the coating profile and prediction the coating thickness based on kinematic parameters.The existing deficiency of TST leads to the development of an advanced robot trajectory generation methodology. In this study, the new approach implements the robotic trajectory planning in an interactive manner between RobotStudio and the finite element analysis software (FES). It allows rearranging the imported node created on the surface of workpiece by FES and in turns generating the thermal spraying needed robot trajectories.A coupling between the robot trajectory and the heat distribution on the substrate has been developed, which allows analyzing the temperature evolution during the thermal spray process, it helps to minimize thermal variations on the substrate and to select the appropriate execution sequence of trajectory.BELFORT-UTBM-SEVENANS (900942101) / SudocSudocFranceF